沒在電影現身 能拿奧斯卡獎？
摘錄自：天下雜誌 經濟學人電子報 2013/1/31
2014-01-17 Web only 作者：經濟學人
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| 圖片來源：flickr.com/photos/dorahon |
最近幾個月來，廣受討論的電影演出之一，就是史嘉莉．喬韓森（Scarlett Johansson）在《雲端情人》中的表現。評論者十分讚賞她的演出，部分評論者也認為她有機會獲得「最佳女配角」提名，問題在於，電影中完全看不到她的身影。這樣她還能得獎嗎？
喬韓森在電影中的角色為莎曼珊，但莎曼珊並不是人，而是套電腦作業系統。喬韓森的配音為莎曼珊帶來的生命，贏得不少好評，更在11月的羅馬電影節中贏得最佳女主角獎。不過，並不是每個評審委員會都為此驚艷；羅馬電影節後不久，好萊塢外籍記者協會即表明，配音無法角逐該協會舉辦的金球獎。
理論上，喬韓森在奧斯卡的運氣會比較好。影藝學會指出，僅有聲音的角色可以角逐奧斯卡，因為相關規定並未禁止。不過，至今從來沒有人能靠有聲無影的角色獲得奧斯卡提名：從《2001太空漫遊》的芮恩（Douglas Rain，飾演HAL）到《阿拉丁》裡的羅賓．威廉斯（Robin Williams），沒出現在螢幕上的演員總是受到忽視。另一方面，有影無聲的角色似乎比較有機會贏得奧斯卡；1999年，莫登（Samantha Morton）以《甜蜜與卑微》中的無聲角色獲得奧斯卡提名，2年前，尚．杜賈丹（Jean
Dujardin）更以《大藝術家》贏得最佳男演員獎。
過去，足以獲得奧斯卡的配音演出十分少見，也讓此議題沒有帶來太多問題。不過，情況正在改變；電腦繪圖技術大幅進步，表示會有越來越多角色去除演員的臉孔和身體，改以電腦繪圖取代。分別在《魔戒》與《猩球崛起》中扮演咕嚕和黑猩猩領袖的瑟克斯（Andy Serkis）認為，他在螢幕上的變形只是「數位化妝」。影藝學會並未明白禁止這類角色角逐獎項，但目前還沒有任何以動態捕捉上鏡的演員獲得提名。妮可．基嫚（Nicole Kidman）以《時時刻刻》獲得奧斯卡獎，她在拍片時每天得花3小時化妝；總有一天，電腦會讓此事變得容易許多，屆時，出現與不完全出現在電影裡的界線將更加模糊──奧斯卡提名也會出現更多爭議。（黃維德譯）
©The Economist Newspaper Limited 2014
The Economist
Can you win an acting Oscar without
appearing in a film?
The Economist
explains
By The Economist
From The Economist
Published: January 17, 2014
Jan 15th 2014, 23:50 by T.W.
THE Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences will announce its
nominations for this year's Oscars on January 16th. One of the most
talked-about performances of recent months is that of Scarlett Johansson in
"Her", a romantic drama in which Samantha, Ms Johansson's character,
begins a relationship with bookish Theodore, played by Joaquin Phoenix. Ms
Johansson's performance has been praised by critics; some have tipped her for a
"best supporting actress" nomination. There's just one problem: she
doesn't appear in a single frame of the film. Can she still win a prize?
The snag is that Samantha is not a person but a computer operating
system. Ms Johansson provides Samantha's voice (imagine a husky Siri with a
sense of humour), beguiling shy Theodore, who takes her out on dates in his
shirt pocket. The pair share jokes and tender moments like any other couple.
There is even a sex scene. Ms Johansson's ability to bring Samantha to life has
won her enthusiastic reviews and, in November, a "best actress" award
at the Rome Film Festival. But not every judging panel was impressed: soon
after the Rome episode the Hollywood Foreign Press Association let it be known
that voice-only performances were not eligible for the Golden Globe awards,
which it organises.
In theory, Ms Johansson could have more luck with the Oscars. The
Academy says that voice-only roles are eligible for acting awards, since there
is nothing in its rulesprohibiting them. But no-one has ever been nominated for
an Oscar for a voice-only role: from Douglas Rain as HAL in "2001: a Space
Odyssey", to Robin Williams in "Aladdin", actors who don't
appear on screen have been overlooked. (Oddly, the Golden Globes made an
exception for Mr Williams, presenting him with a "special achievement
award" for providing the voice of the genie.) If anything, it seems easier
to win an Oscar for a role in which the actor is seen but not heard. In 1999
Samantha Morton was nominated for her mute role in Woody Allen's "Sweet
and Lowdown", and two years ago Jean Dujardin won the "best
actor" Oscar for his performance in "The Artist", a near-silent
film. The Academy rules out roles which are dubbed—unless the dubbing is of
singing, in which case the actor is forgiven.
Until now, Oscar-worthy voice-only performances have been rare enough
for the issue to be of little consequence. That is now changing. Leaps forward
in computer graphics mean that ever more roles involve actors' faces and bodies
being blotted out and replaced by computer-generated features, using
motion-capture technology. Andy Serkis, who played Gollum in "Lord of the
Rings" and the chief chimp in "Planet of the Apes", describes
his on-screen transformations as mere "digital makeup". The Academy
does not explicitly ban such roles from consideration for awards. But it has
yet to nominate any actor for a motion-capture performance, in spite of
campaigns by fans (not to mention film studios). Soon it may have to. The three
hours' worth of makeup daubed onto Nicole Kidman every day for her
Oscar-winning portrayal of Virginia Woolf, in "The Hours", will
surely one day be easier to do digitally. Then the line between appearing in a
film and being only half there will become even more blurred—and Oscar
nominations
more controversial.
©The Economist Newspaper Limited 2014
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